Europe is home to countless spectacular medieval and Renaissance strongholds serving up panoramic views, royal heritage and fairytale charm. Here’s our curated selection of the best castles in Europe, combining iconic landmarks with hidden gems carrying cultural stories of an ancient intrigue.
1. Edinburgh Castle, Scotland
Dominating the skyline of Scotland’s capital, Edinburgh Castle is among the most beautiful castles in Europe, steeped in centuries of royal and military history. Guided tours offer stunning views over Old Town and insights into the Crown Jewels.
2. Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany
It’s hard to imagine a more fairy tale scene than that of Neuschwanstein Castle; tucked into the forested mountains of southwest Bavaria, this 19th century palace continually captivates people from across the globe. Wander through the castle’s resplendent rooms while discovering the story of King Ludwig II, who used Neuschwanstein as his Royal retreat.
Venture to Neuschwanstein Castle on the Highlights of Germany tour
3. Ashford Castle, Ireland
Situated within the lush countryside of Ireland’s County Mayo, Ashford Estate stretches across 350 acres in which the 13th century castle, landscaped gardens and woodland lie on the shores of Lough Corrib. Now, the castle acts as a magnificent five-star hotel, while still reflecting its long history and celebrating its long-held traditions.
4. Windsor Castle, England
As one of the official royal residences, Windsor Castle is worth visiting for the insight it gives into the British monarchy alone, but this is by no means the historic castle’s only appeal. Stroll through the lavish State Apartments, see inside Queen Mary’s Dolls’ House, and look up at the magnificent stone vaulting of St George’s Chapel.
5. Prague Castle, Czech Republic
Believed to be the largest ancient castle in the world, Prague Castle spans an area of around 70,000 square-metres and is said to date back to the 9th century. Having been home to kings, Roman emperors and presidents throughout its existence, the castle is where the Bohemian Crown Jewels are kept to this day.
6. Warwick Castle, England
With its original structure built by William the Conqueror in 1068, Warwick Castle is steeped in almost 1,000 years of history. This heritage is embraced to the fullest with restored interiors, exhibitions, and tours of the towers, turrets and interiors, as well as historic re-enactments.
7. Peñiscola Castle, Spain
The medieval walled town of Peñiscola is remarkably striking in its location overlooking the sea, set on its own rocky peninsula. The castle is, naturally, at the town’s highest point, with carved stone walls and barrel vaults reflecting its 13th century beginnings.
8. Buda Castle, Hungary
Originally built in 1265, this castle and palace complex displays its heritage through medieval, Baroque and more modern architecture. Today, the historic complex houses a series of museums and galleries, hosts regular events, and even has a wine cellar with guided tasting sessions. Buda Castle looks especially impressive lit up at night with its reflection on the river beside it.
RELATED BLOG: The best things to do in Budapest in 48 hours
9. Château de Chambord, France
A masterpiece of French Renaissance architecture, Château de Chambord is famous for its extravagant design, featuring a double-helix staircase supposedly influenced by Leonardo da Vinci. Surrounded by vast forests and a moat, it was originally built as a hunting lodge for King Francis I. The castle’s symmetry, turrets, and intricate roofline make it one of the most beautiful castles in Europe, drawing architecture lovers and history buffs alike.
10. Bran Castle, Romania
Often dubbed ‘Dracula’s Castle,’ Bran Castle sits dramatically atop a rocky cliff in Transylvania. While its connection to Vlad the Impaler is tenuous, the medieval fortress has long inspired Gothic legends. Visitors can explore the museum inside which details Romanian royal history and local myths, making it a key highlight on guided tours through the region.
RELATED BLOG: 7 fun facts about Bran Castle in Translyvania
11. Pena Palace, Portugal
Sitting atop the Sintra Mountains, Pena Palace is a riot of color and eclectic styles, combining Gothic, Moorish, and Manueline architecture. Commissioned by King Ferdinand II in the 19th century, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of Portugal’s most beloved landmarks. The palace’s vibrant red and yellow façade, lush gardens, and romantic interiors make it a must-see for anyone exploring European castles.
12. Eltz Castle, Germany
Nestled in the hills above the Moselle River, Eltz Castle has remained in the hands of the same family for over 850 years. This remarkably well-preserved medieval structure offers a glimpse into feudal life, with original furnishings, armories, and courtyards that transport visitors back in time. Its fairytale-like towers make it a favorite among photographers.
13. Predjama Castle, Slovenia
Built dramatically into a cliffside cave, Predjama Castle is a striking example of ingenuity and survival. Connected to a network of secret tunnels, the castle was once home to the rebellious knight Erazem Lueger. Today, visitors can take a guided tour through its stone chambers and admire the breathtaking views over the Slovenian countryside.
14. Trakai Island Castle, Lithuania
Set on an island in Lake Galvė, Trakai Castle is a beautifully restored red-brick fortress with a rich history as a medieval stronghold of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A popular day trip from Vilnius, the castle houses a museum dedicated to Lithuanian history and offers scenic boat rides around the island during summer.
15. Chillon Castle, Switzerland
Located on the shores of Lake Geneva, Chillon Castle has captivated visitors for centuries with its picturesque setting and well-preserved medieval rooms. Its dungeons, banquet halls, and frescoes offer insight into life during the Savoy dynasty, while the views across the lake are simply breathtaking.
Visit Chillon Castle with local expert guides on Best of Switzerland
16. Arundel Castle, England
With over 1,000 years of history, Arundel Castle is one of the longest inhabited castles in England. The seat of the Dukes of Norfolk, the castle features lavish interiors, formal gardens, and a rich calendar of medieval-themed events. It offers an immersive experience for those interested in both English history and heritage estates.
17. Bojnice Castle, Slovakia
Bojnice Castle is a fairy-tale gem nestled in the Slovak countryside. Known for its romantic design and fairy tale festivals, this Neo-Gothic castle is among Slovakia’s most visited attractions. With origins tracing back to the 12th century, it combines Renaissance, Baroque, and Romantic styles and hosts exhibits ranging from medieval armory to natural history.
18. Alcázar de Segovia, Spain
Resembling the bow of a ship from afar, the Alcázar of Segovia is one of Spain’s most distinctive castles. It has served as a fortress, royal palace, and even a military academy. The turreted structure, perched high on a rocky crag, offers panoramic views of the city and countryside, and is said to have inspired Disney’s Cinderella Castle.
19. Kilkenny Castle, Ireland
Kilkenny Castle is a majestic Anglo-Norman stone fortress that has been a central part of Irish history since the 12th century. Set in expansive parkland, it boasts elegant rooms restored to their 19th-century splendour. Its location in the charming town of Kilkenny makes it an ideal stop for guided tours across the Emerald Isle.
20. Château de Chenonceau, France
Gracefully spanning the River Cher, Château de Chenonceau is one of the most beautiful castles in Europe. Known as the ‘Ladies’ Castle’ for the influential women who shaped its history, it features arched galleries over the river, manicured gardens, and elegant interiors filled with Renaissance art and furnishings.
21. Catherine Palace, Russia
Located in Tsarskoye Selo near St. Petersburg, the Catherine Palace is a dazzling example of Rococo architecture. Its opulent Amber Room, golden halls, and turquoise-and-white façade have made it one of the most visited palaces in Europe. A symbol of Imperial Russia, it offers insight into the extravagance of the Romanov dynasty.
22. Karlštejn Castle, Czech Republic
Built by Charles IV in the 14th century to house royal treasures and holy relics, Karlštejn Castle is a Gothic masterpiece. Set among the forested hills southwest of Prague, it combines historic significance with dramatic views. Guided tours take visitors through the grand chapel, royal palace, and fortified towers.
23. Mont-Saint-Michel, France
Though technically an abbey, Mont-Saint-Michel’s fortified structure and medieval village layout have earned it a place among Europe’s most iconic castles. Perched on a tidal island, it draws millions of visitors who come to explore its stone passageways and watch the dramatic tides that transform the island into a floating fortress.
24. Peles Castle, Romania
Nestled in the Carpathian Mountains, Peles Castle is a Neo-Renaissance gem built for Romania’s first king, Carol I. With elaborate woodwork, stained glass, and over 160 rooms, it offers a unique blend of 19th-century technology and ornate elegance. Its scenic setting in Sinaia makes it one of the most photogenic European castles.
Visit Peles Castle on the Romania, Transylvania and Hungary tour
25. Schönbrunn Palace, Austria
While more palace than castle, Schönbrunn is among the grandest imperial residences in Europe. This former summer home of the Habsburgs features 1,441 rooms, opulent salons, and sprawling Baroque gardens. It offers insight into Austria’s royal heritage and is one of Vienna’s top attractions.
How many castles are there in Europe?
Estimates vary, but there are believed to be over 10,000 castles across Europe, depending on how one defines a “castle.” Germany alone has more than 20,000 castle sites, including ruins, manor houses, and fully restored fortresses. The UK, France, Spain, and the Czech Republic also boast thousands. Some are majestic palaces, others are defensive ruins clinging to cliffs, but all offer a unique lens into Europe’s turbulent and fascinating past.
What is the most beautiful palace in Europe?
Beauty is subjective, but Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany is often considered the most beautiful palace in Europe—and perhaps the world. Perched high above the Bavarian countryside and surrounded by forested mountains, its fairy tale appearance even inspired Walt Disney’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. Its Romanesque Revival architecture, intricate interiors, and dramatic alpine setting make it a dreamlike destination for visitors. Other contenders for the title include France’s Palace of Versailles, Austria’s Schönbrunn Palace, and Spain’s Alcázar of Segovia—each known for their grandeur, opulence, and historic significance.
Which country has the most castles in Europe?
Germany holds the crown for the most castles in Europe, with over 20,000 castle sites ranging from hilltop ruins to lavish Baroque palaces. Its central role in medieval European history, combined with a landscape ideal for fortification, means almost every region of Germany is home to a castle or fortress of some kind. Close runners-up include the United Kingdom, France, and the Czech Republic—countries with similarly rich feudal and royal histories.
What is the oldest surviving castle in Europe?
The oldest surviving castle in Europe is widely considered to be Château de Doué-la-Fontaine in France, built around 950 AD. Located in the Loire Valley, this fortress is one of the earliest known examples of a stone keep in medieval Europe. However, parts of Prague Castle date back to the 9th century, and Windsor Castle in England—while developed over centuries—is also one of the longest continuously occupied castles. Many ancient fortifications still standing today have been added to or rebuilt, so defining the “oldest” often depends on how original the structure remains.
Ready to dive into majesty and history? Browse these tour itineraries full of castles to explore.
Image credits: Cover photo of Neuschwanstein Castle © iStock / histrus42. Edinburgh Castle © iStock / Brendan Howard. Neuschwanstein Castle © iStock / Sean Pavone. Ashford Castle © Red Carnation Hotels. Windsor Castle © iStock. Prague Castle © iStock / Tomas Sereda. Warwick Castle © iStock / prestongeorge. Peñiscola Castle © iStock. Buda Castle © iStock / agustavop.